螺栓紧固是输电线路项目的重要组成部分,其质量将直接影响塔架本身的稳定性,承受电线的能力以及周围的安 全问题。过去,螺栓紧固通常是手工进行的,在施工过程中受人为因素的影响很大,导致无法精 确地控制螺栓扭矩值,并且紧固效果不理想。使用电动扭矩扳手紧固螺栓可以根据需要设置扭矩值,但是在实际工程中会遇到很多问题。本文分析了电动扭矩扳手在螺栓紧固中常见的问题。
Bolt fastening is an important part of transmission line project. Its quality will directly affect the stability of tower itself, the ability to bear wires and the surrounding safety problems. In the past, bolt tightening was usually carried out manually, which was greatly affected by human factors in the construction process, resulting in the inability to accurately control the bolt torque value, and the tightening effect was not ideal. The torque value can be set according to the needs by using the electric torque wrench to tighten the bolts, but many problems will be encountered in the actual project. This paper analyzes the common problems of electric torque wrench in bolt tightening.
(1)恶劣的施工环境和现场的高施工强度大大地缩短了电动扭矩扳手的使用寿命,并增加了故障率。电动扭矩扳手的常见故障包括机械故障和电气故障。机械故障例如加力齿轮容易卡住,设备内部的小螺栓在受到大的振动后容易掉落等。电气故障包括控制电路和显示电路,它们容易在过电压或过流条件下烧坏。
(1) The bad construction environment and high construction intensity greatly shorten the service life of the electric torque wrench and increase the failure rate. Common faults of electric torque wrench include mechanical faults and electrical faults. Mechanical faults, such as the force adding gear is easy to get stuck, and the small bolts inside the equipment are easy to fall after being subjected to large vibration, etc. Electrical faults include control circuit and display circuit, which are easy to burn out under overvoltage or overcurrent conditions.
(2)螺栓的紧固率明显受到风摆的影响。紧固螺栓后,测试扭矩值,效果良好,基本可以满足要求。但是,经过一段时间后,由于自然因素(例如风摆)的影响,重新检查时,螺栓的紧固率显着降低。
(2) The tightening rate of bolts is obviously affected by wind swing. After tightening the bolts, the torque value is tested, and the effect is good, which can basically meet the requirements. However, after a period of time, due to the influence of natural factors (such as wind swing), the tightening rate of bolts decreases significantly during re inspection.
(3)钢管塔主材的脚钉和爬梯正下方法兰盘螺栓,由于其特殊位置而不能使用电动扭矩扳手,只能手动紧固。受人为因素影响,手动紧固难以达到扭矩值标准,且很难统一。
(3) The foot nails of the main materials of the steel pipe tower and the flange bolts directly below the ladder cannot be tightened by electric torque wrench due to their special position, but can only be tightened manually. Affected by human factors, manual tightening is difficult to reach the torque standard, and it is difficult to unify.
(4)电动扭矩扳手对电源的质量有很高的要求,不允许有较大的电压波动,对电源和电缆的功率也有很高的要求。但是,在施工现场接入电源非常困难,只能使用发电机进行电源供应。其输出功率质量差且电压不稳定,这对螺栓紧固的质量影响更大。
(4) The electric torque wrench has high requirements for the quality of power supply, does not allow large voltage fluctuation, and also has high requirements for the power of power supply and cable. However, it is very difficult to access the power supply at the construction site, and only the generator can be used for power supply. Its output power quality is poor and the voltage is unstable, which has a greater impact on the quality of bolt fastening.
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